Advanced Physical Research

The properties of 0⁺ excited states, including radiation strengths E2, E0 and the Rasmussen parameter X , in direct (t,p) nuclear reactions are investigated using a combined Woods–Saxon and Coulomb potential approach within the nucleon clustering concept. The influence of the Coulomb force on 0⁺ states is examined through its effect on nuclear density distributions and configuration mixing. Coulomb repulsion between protons increases the difference in charge radii between the ground and excited states, leading to an enhancement of the E0 monopole matrix element. The increased spatial extension of the wave functions results in a slight increase in electric quadrupole E2 radiation probabilities. Inclusion of the Coulomb potential modifies the wave-function structure and causes a redistribution of the (t,p) reaction strength among several 0+ states with large cross sections. The results are applied to the isotopes ^152,154Sm and ^154,156Gd.