New Materials, Compounds and Applications

The literature contains extensive material on the synthesis of sulfur- and sulfur-phosphorus-containing compounds used as additives for various purposes to fuels and lubricants. However, interest in these additives has not decreased to this day, which is associated with the increasing modernization of equipment used in all industries, which requires the creation of new lubricating oils and therefore a new generation of additives. Thus, the need to synthesize new compounds of practical value is a pressing problem in petrochemistry. The aim of this work is to synthesize new esters, xanthogenates, dithiophosphates and the well-known (bisphenolsulfo)disulfide obtained from arylsulfonylchlorides, which are readily available compounds characterized by high reactivity and salts of alkylxanthogenates, dithiophosphoric acids and alkali metal sulfides, which are also readily available synthons, followed by their investigation as extreme pressure and anti-wear additives to transmission lubricants and antioxidants to diesel fuel. The originality of the work lies in the synthesis of p-toluenesulfonylbutylxanthogenate, p-phenolsulfoisopropylxanthogenate, 1-3(bisizopropylxanthogenatesulfo)phenol and p-toluenesulfoisopropyl dithiophosphate. Previously, the authors of the article synthesized and studied a large number of esters of xanthogen dithiophosphoric acids and disulfides, but those containing arylsulfo groups were synthesized for the first time. The novelty of the compounds was confirmed by Yusif Abdullayev, a scientist from Azerbaijan at Allan University in South Carolina, USA, based on the results of a check conducted on the global search engine “SciFinder”. Four patents were received for the work done and the research results were presented at international conferences. Based on these compounds, fairly effective anti-wear additives for transmission oils have been developed. It has been found that p-toluene sulfoisopropyl dithiophosphate has additional anti-wear properties, which is an important factor for transmission oils, while p-phenolsulfoisopropyl xanthogenate and 1,3-(bis-isopropylxanthogenate sulfo)phenol have dual-action additive properties, i.e., they effectively inhibit the oxidation of the model hydrocarbon cumene, which can serve as a basis for the creation of highly efficient diesel fuels. Due to their limited solubility in mineral oils, p-phenolsulfoisopropylxanthogenate and bis(phenylsulfodisulfide) were studied in synthetic and semi-synthetic oils, but they also have high anti-seize properties. The tribological properties were studied on a four-ball friction machine (FFM-1).