New Materials, Compounds and Applications

ISSN Print: 2521-7194

ISSN Online: 2523-4773

New Materials, Compounds and Applications is an open access, strictly peer reviewed journal that is devoted to publication of the reviews and full-length papers recording original research results on, or techniques for, studying the relationship between structure, properties of materials and compounds and their applications. Materials include metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, energy materials, electrical materials, composite materials, fibers, nanostructured materials, nanocomposites, and biological and biomedical materials.

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The Effect of Thermal, Chemical and Combined Activation on the Structural and Adsorptive Properties of Bentonite

Published: 04-08-2026

https://doi.org/10.62476/nmca102399

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a growing demand for adsorbents with high adsorption activity. In this study, bentonite from the Koson deposit was activated using thermal (200-800 °C), chemical (5 wt.% HCl) and combined acid and thermal activation in an air stream. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM/EDS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. The results showed that combined activation with 5 wt.% HCl and an air stream at 500 °C increased the BET surface area of the activated bentonite from 30.042 m²/g to 74.454 m²/g, the pore volume from 0.054 cm3/g to 0.107 cm³/g, the average pore diameter from 8.410 Å to 15.2 Å and N₂ adsorption from 39.26 cm³/g to 325.1 cm³/g. These indicators prove that the adsorption properties of bentonites can be improved based on this combination.