Islamic History and Literature

Islamic art has made invaluable contributions to the treasury of world culture through its unique and complex ornamental systems, particularly geometric and vegetal motifs. This research report analyzes the origins of ornamentation in Islamic art, its historical roots, mathematical and philosophical foundations, as well as the theological reasons for its extensive use in sacred texts and architectural monuments. The study is based on the idea that ornaments are not merely decorative elements but also visual manifestations of divine order and the principle of Tawhid (Unity). Beginning from the 7th century and extending to the end of the classical period, the evolution of ornamentation is examined - from simple geometric forms to intricate girih systems - within the framework of regional styles. Special attention is devoted to the art of illumination found in Qur’anic manuscripts and to the impact of architectural ornamentation on the sacral transition of mosque spaces.