In recent years, there has been interested in coupled systems of fractional differential equations due to their comprehensive applicability across various fields such as biology, physics, chemistry, engineering, and other areas of study. Therefore, in this paper investigates the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions of a coupled system of sequential Caputo-type fractional differential equations involving integral two-point boundary conditions. The existence of the obtained solutions is demonstrated through the application of the Leray–Schauder alternative, while Banach’s fixed-point theorem is employed to confirm the uniqueness. In addition, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee Hyers-Ulam stability of the solutions. The theoretical results are further illustrated by examples that demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.