Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences

Three gastropod species' reproductive biology and population dynamics are examined in this study: Strombus canarium, Laevistrombus turturella and Laevistrombus canarium in the waters of Batam, Indonesia. Understanding the variables affecting reproductive success and the challenges in sustaining their populations is the fundamental goal. From June to October 2024, conch samples were collected manually and by diving. A total of 1,486 individuals from three species were identified and measured for condition factor analysis, gonadosomatic index (GSI), sex ratio, spawning season, length at first sexual maturity and fecundity. Significant variations in sex ratios and gonadal maturity were assessed through statistical analysis of the data. The majority of people, regardless of species or sex, fell into the “healthy-overweight” group, suggesting a decent state of health and nutrition, according to the study's examination of condition criteria. Seasonal fluctuations were seen in the sex ratio, with departures from the anticipated 1:1 ratio suggesting potential reproductive or environmental factors. Gonad maturity stages peaked during specific times of the year, with a higher percentage of mature gonads during those times, indicating distinct spawning seasons. Reproductive assessments revealed seasonal peaks in gonad maturity, variations in sex ratios and different levels of fecundity, with L. canarium and L. turturella exhibiting greater fecundity than S. canarium. The length at maturity (Lm) of female L. canarium was less than that of males and in some cases, Lm exceeded the length at capture (Lc), suggesting that individuals were being taken before attaining maturity, according to population analysis. This study emphasizes the challenges of maintaining Strombus populations in Batam's waters, particularly with regard to overfishing. The fact that Lm is smaller than the size at capture Lc indicates unsustainable harvesting methods. These findings highlight the need for conservation efforts to preserve population sustainability and offer insightful information about reproductive tactics, environmental impacts and population control in marine biology.