Advances in Biology & Earth Sciences

Nanotechnology has transformed medicine through advances in tissue engineering, diagnostics and therapy. In bone and cartilage repair, biomolecule-coated implants and hydrogels release growth factors to promote regeneration. Cardiovascular care benefits from nanomaterials mimicking vessel structures, reducing inflammation and clotting, while techniques like electrospinning improve stents and vascular grafts. In oncology, nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers and micelles enable targeted drug delivery, minimizing side effects. Nanotechnology also shows promise in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s by enhancing diagnostics and delivering therapies against amyloid-β plaques, tau tangles and α-synuclein aggregates. Overall, nanotechnology improves precision and efficacy across diverse medical applications, from tissue repair to treatment of complex disorders. Although current research highlights the great potential of nanotechnology, significant gaps still remain in areas such as safety, biocompatibility, long-term effects and integration into clinical practice. Systematic resolution of these challenges will not only define the future directions of nanomedicine but also accelerate its translation into real clinical applications.